先日、弊社より配信致しました、2020 年2月2日付の労働傷病兵社会問題省大臣によるコロナウイルスによる新型肺炎の拡大を回避する措置・対策の強化に関する公文書No.01/CĐ-LĐTBXH(「本公文書」)について、追加情報をQ&A方式でお知らせ致します。ご承知の通り中国域内にとどまらずベトナム社会経済にも影響は重大で、ベトナム国内外で日々ご活躍される皆様からの反響も大きかったため、このような運びとなりました。
なお、以下の記載内容は2020年2月12日16時00分時点での情報に基づく内容、解釈となりますことを予めご了承ください。
今後、本件に関する法令のアップデートがありましたら随時お知らせ致します。
Q1.コロナウイルスの感染が発生した地域内とは、日本も含まれるのか？
感染症の予防および管理に関する法No.03/2007/QH12(「感染症予防管理法」)第2条14項では、感染地域は当局によって感染症が発生していることが認定された地域であると定義されています。すなわち、コロナウイルスの感染が発生した地域とは、コロナウイルスの感染が発生していることがベトナム管轄機関によって実際に認定された地域を指します。
現在、ベトナム政府はコロナウイルスの感染が発生した地域について正式な通知を公布していません。
もっとも、2020年1月29日付でベトナム保健省はコロナウイルスを「感染症-A」に指定する決定を公布し、また、政府首相の指示No.06/CT-TTg第3条に従い、2020年2月1日以降ベトナム全土と中国のコロナウイルスの感染が発生した地域の間におけるフライトは停止しています。政府首相の対応は、感染症-Aの感染地域の出入管理方法として感染地域からおよび感染地域への人および物の輸送を制限することが規定されている感染症予防管理法第53条1項a号を根拠とするものです。
これらの対応を考慮すると、現時点では、コロナウイルスの感染が発生した具体的な地域とは、中国国内でコロナウイルスの感染が発生した地域のみであると解釈できます。しかしながら、コロナウイルスの感染が他国へも拡大した場合、中国以外の地域も当該地域に該当すると判断されるおそれはあります。
Q2.日系企業が実施する小規模なセミナー等の開催は制限されるのか、制限に違反した場合どんな罰則があるのか？
公共の場所における人の集結を防止し、または事業を停止しなかったとして10,000,000ND～20,000,000NDの罰金が課される可能性があります(政令No.176/2013/ND-CP第11条4項c号、第4条5項)。
また、感染症予防管理法第52条1項c号には、多数者の集結を禁止し、感染地域内の公共の場所における活動およびサービスを停止することが感染症予防措置として規定されているため、上述Q1の感染地域の判断によって、今後、セミナー等の多数者が集結する企画、活動に対するより広範な制限が要請されることは考えられます。
Q3. 既に日本国内でも感染者が見つかっているが、今後日本人に対して労働許可証を発給しないという措置はあり得るか？
冒頭に記載した時点での情報によると、行政地域毎に当局の対応判断が異なりますが、中国本土および香港、マカオ、台湾からの外国人労働者に対する労働許可証の申請受付および発行を一時停止する事案が発生しています。
Q4. ベトナム外務省より過去14日以内に中国訪問または滞在した人の入国を認めないとの発表があったが、これには香港やマカオも含まれるのか？
現状、ベトナム－香港間及びベトナム－マカオ間の各区間のフライトは完全には停止されておらず、直近で香港およびマカオへ訪問または滞在した人々はベトナムへ入国できると思われます。
もっとも、コロナウイルスが「感染症-A」に指定されたことを受け、入国審査時の医療検査、監視が強化され、荷物の持込制限・破棄が要請されることは十分に考えられます(感染症予防管理法第53条1項a号)。
Q5. ベトナム人労働者に対して海外派遣の禁止勧告が出されているが、ベトナム人スタッフの日本出張も基本的に禁止との解釈されるか？
本公文書において、ベトナム政府は企業が海外にベトナム人労働者を派遣することを原則として禁止しておらず、出国期間の延期を勧告するにとどまります。
そのため、ベトナム国内の企業で就労するベトナム人スタッフが日本へ出張をする場合には、当該スタッフがコロナウイルスの予防措置を明確且つ十分に理解し、ベトナム医療機関および外国医療機関による衛生管理上の要請を厳守することは求められますが、その限りにおいて日本への出張が禁止されているわけではありません。
Q.6コロナウイルスの感染が発生した地域内において勤務予定のベトナム人労働者の出国期間の延長を勧告するとあるが、どの程度の温度感で、どこまでの制限強度なのか？
本公文書は出国時期の延長期間を明確に規定していないため、現時点では個々の企業の状況により調整・決定することが求められます。
なお、本公文書は労働傷病兵社会問題省大臣を発行主体とする勧告になるため、今後、他の所轄官庁および労働傷病兵社会問題省から労働者の海外渡航に関するより詳細な公文書が発行されることは考えられます。
Q7.「出国が必要な場合、当該労働者がベトナム医療機関及び外国医療機関の要求を厳守しなければならない。」とあるが、具体的に義務付けられている内容(新型コロナウイルスの検査を医療機関で行う等)はどのようなものになるか。
ベトナム保健省による出国時の医療要求の内容について正式な通知は公布されていませんが、空港に体温検査所を設定して対応しているのが実情です。
また、Q4の回答記載の通り、コロナウイルスが「感染症-A」に指定されたことによる出入国時の医療検査、監視の強化が図られることを想定し、出国予定者本人が感染症予防の現状および予防・回避手段を十分に認識し、出入国手続を実施することが求められます。
Q8. この公文書に違反した場合、どのような罰則の可能性があるか？
本公文書を含め新型コロナウイルス感染症の発生に関して政府および所轄中央官庁が発行した公文書には、具体的な罰則規定は規定されていません。
ただし、政令No.176/2013/ND-CP第5条、6条、9条～16条に基づき医療法の違反行為に対しては罰則が適用される可能性があります。英語版となりますが、参考法令(Decree No.1762015ND-CP_ Article 5, 6, 9_16)は以下別紙をご覧ください。
別紙
DECREE
PENALTIES FOR ADMINISTRATIVE VIOLATIONS AGAINST MEDICAL LAWS
Article 5. Violations pertaining to education and propagation of information about prevention and treatment of infectious disease
1. Any establishment that fails to carry out annual propagation of information about prevention and treatment of infectious diseases among employees shall be liable to:
a) A warning or a fine of from 200,000 VND to 500,000 VND if the establishment has fewer than 50 employees;
b) A fine of from 500,000 VND to 1,000,000 VND if the establishment has 50 – 99 employees;
c) A fine of from 1,000,000 VND to 3,000,000 VND if the establishment has 100 – 299 employees;
d) A fine of from 3,000,000 VND to 5,000,000 VND if the establishment has 300 – 499 employees;
dd) A fine of from 5,000,000 VND to 10,000,000 VND if the establishment has 500 – 999 employees;
e) A fine of from 10,000,000 VND to 15,000,000 VND if the establishment has 1,000 – 1,499 employees;
g) A fine of from 15,000,000 VND to 20,000,000 VND if the establishment has 1,500 – 2,499 employees;
h) A fine of from 20,000,000 VND to 25,000,000 VND if the establishment has 2,500 employees or more;
2. Any of the following violations shall carry a fine of from 3,000,000 VND to 5,000,000 VND:
a) Provision of information about the development of the epidemic that is inconsistent with the information announced by competent health authorities;
b) Failure to properly provide information about prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in terms of time, duration, and location.
3. A fine of from 10,000,000 VND to 15,000,000 VND shall be imposed for making improper charges for provision of information about prevention and treatment of infectious diseases by means of mass communication, unless the contract to run a program is signed or the program is sponsored by a Vietnamese or foreign entity.
4. A fine of from 15,000,000 VND to 20,000,000 VND shall be imposed for taking advantage of propagation of information about prevention and treatment of infectious diseases to threaten the security, social order, or to breaks cultural traditions and social ethics.
5. Remedial measures:
a) Incorrect information must be rectified by means of mass communication for 03 consecutive days in event of the violations in Point a Clause 2 of this Article;
b) The illegal money mentioned in Clause 3 of this Article must be returned.
Article 6. Violations pertaining to monitoring infectious diseases1. The failure to report sufferers of group A diseases shall be liable to a warning or a fine of from 200,000 VND to 500,000 VND.
2. One of the following violations shall be liable to a fine of from 500,000 VND to 1,000,000 VND:
a) Concealment of the development of group A diseases of oneself or of other people;
b) Failure to take the test for group A diseases at the request of a competent authority.
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Article 9. Violations against regulations on prevention of transmission of infectious diseases at medical facilities
1. Any of the following violations shall carry a warning or fine of from 100,000 VND to 300,000 VND:
a) Failure to report or to truthfully report in a timely manner the development of infectious disease that one catches to responsible physicians or health workers;
b) Failure to follow the indications and instructions on how to prevent transmission of infectious diseases of the physicians, health workers, and regulations of the medical facility;
c) Failure to register for health monitoring at the medical station of the commune after the sufferer of a group A disease is discarged from the hospital.
2. Any of the following violations shall carry a fine of from 1,000,000 VND to 2,000,000 VND:
a) Failure to provide personal protective equipment and hygiene conditions for physicians, health workers, patients, and their families;
b) Failure to notify the local defensive medicine of information about the sufferers of infectious diseases being diagnosed and treated at one’s medical facility;
c) Failure to give patients and their families advices on prevention and treatment of infectious diseases;
d) Failure to monitor the health of the physicians and health workers that directly take care and treat the sufferers of group A diseases.
3. A fine of from 3,000,000 VND to 5,000,000 VND shall be imposed for the failure to decontaminate, disinfect wastes, clothing, equipment, the surrounding environment, and the vehicles used for transporting sufferers of group B and C diseases.
4. A fine of from 7,000,000 VND to 10,000,000 VND shall be imposed for the failure to decontaminate, disinfect wastes, clothing, equipment, the surrounding environment, and the vehicles used for transporting sufferers of group A diseases.
5. Any of the following violations shall carry a fine of from 20,000,000 VND to 30,000,000 VND:
a) Refusal to admit sufferers of group A diseases to the medical facility;
b) Failure to take measures for preventing the transmission of group A diseases
6. Remedial measures:
Any entity that commits the violation in Point a Clause 5 of this Article shall be compelled to admit sufferers of group A diseases.
Article 10. Violations against regulations on isolation and enforced isolation
1. Any of the following violations shall carry a fine of from 2,000,000 VND to 5,000,000 VND:
a) Failure to apply isolation or enforced isolation where necessary as prescribed by law, except for the case in Point a Clause 2 of this Article;
b) Refusal or avoidance of isolation or enforced isolation by competent authorities, except for the case in Point b Clause 2 of this Article;
c) Failure to enumerate and monitor the health of the persons in contact with the persons kept in isolation as prescribed by law;
d) Applying isolation or enforced isolation at unsatisfactory places as prescribed by law.
2. Any of the following violations shall carry a fine of from 5,000,000 VND to 10,000,000 VND:
a) Failure to keep sufferers of group A diseases in isolation;
b) Refusing to or avoiding keeping sufferers of group A diseases, the subjects in quarantine that carry group A diseases or pathogens of group A diseases.
3. Remedial measures:
Isolation shall be enforced in event of the violations in Point a and Point b Clause 1, Clause 2 of this Article.
Article 11. Violations against regulations on epidemic prevention
1. Any of the following violations shall carry a warning or fine of from 100,000 VND to 300,000 VND:
a) Failure to provide personal protective equipment for the participants in epidemic prevention and the people at risk of catching diseases according to instructions of health authorities;
b) Failure to notify the local People’s Committee and defensive medicine body of the cases of infection.
2. Any of the following violations shall carry a fine of from 1,000,000 VND to 2,000,000 VND:
a) Concealing the infection of oneself or of other people after the epidemic is announced;
b) Failure or refusal to carry out cleaning and disinfection in the infected area.
3. Any of the following violations shall carry a fine of from 2,000,000 VND to 5,000,000 VND:
a) Failure to participate in epidemic prevention at the request of Epidemic Prevention Council;
b) Making charges for diagnosis and treatment of group A diseases;
c) Failure to implement the decision on destruction of animals, plants, and other organisms that are vectors of pathogens, except for the case in Point c Clause 5 of this Article;
4. Any of the following violations shall carry a fine of from 5,000,000 VND to 10,000,000 VND:
a) Failure to suspend the operation of public food and drink establishments at risk of spreading the disease in the infected area;
b) Failure to impose a ban on the foods that are vectors of pathogens;
c) Failure to take measures for preventing crowds or to suspend the businesses at public places.
5. Any of the following violations shall carry a fine of from 10,000,000 VND to 20,000,000 VND:
a) Failure to comply with decisions on inspection, supervision, and medical procedures before leaving or entering an area infected with a group A disease;
b) Bringing the items, animals, foods, and other goods at risk of spreading the disease out of an area infected with a group A disease;
c) Failure to implement the decision on compelled destruction of animals, plants, and other organisms that are vectors of group A diseases.
6. Any of the following violations shall carry a fine of from 20,000,000 VND to 30,000,000 VND:
a) Failure to comply with the request for inspection and medical procedures of the vehicles before leaving the infected area that is in a state of emergency;
b) Failure to comply with the decision to ban gatherings in the area where a state of emergency over the epidemic is declared;
c) Taking unauthorized people or vehicles to the area where a state of emergency over the epidemic is declared;
d) Failure to comply with the decision to ban gatherings in the area where a state of emergency over the epidemic is declared;
7. Remedial measures:
a) Cleaning and disinfection must be carried out in the infected area in event of the violation mentioned in Point b Clause 2 of this Article;
b) The illegal money mentioned in Point b Clause 3 of this Article must be returned. Such amount shall be transferred to government budget if the recipients are not identifiable;
c) The animals, plants, and other organisms must be destroyed in event of the violation in Point c Clause 5 and Point d Clause 6 of this Article.
Article 12. Violations against regulations on bordering quarantine
1. Any of the following violations shall carry a fine of from 1,000,000 VND to 2,000,000 VND:
a) Failure to report bordering quarantine as prescribed;
b) Refusal to inspect the subjects in quarantine.
2. Any of the following violations shall carry a fine of from 2,000,000 VND to 5,000,000 VND:
b) Refusal to comply with instructions of quarantine officers;
b) Failure’s of the owner of inbound watercraft to signal the request of quarantine;
c) Failure to take measures for prevention of mice and other vectors on the vehicles when they are parking or anchoring at night or for more than 24 hours at the border checkpoint or quarantine post;
d) Failure to contact the quarantine office at the border checkpoint by radio before landing the airplane in case a passenger or crewmember on the flight is suspected of being infected.
3. Any of the following violations shall carry a fine of from 5,000,000 VND to 10,000,000 VND:
a) Falsifying the certificate of quarantine;
b) Transporting corpses, bones, bioproducts, bacteria, human organs, tissues, blood, and constituents of blood through the border checkpoint without undergoing an inspection and issued with a certificate of quarantine by the quarantine office;
c) Concealing the case that need keeping in quarantine.
4. Any of the following violations shall carry a fine of from 15,000,000 VND to 20,000,000 VND:
a) Failure to treat and keep the people, vehicles, and goods that carry pathogens of group A diseases in isolation or quarantine;
b) Fabricating the certificate of quarantine.
5. Remedial measures:
a) The people, vehicles, and goods that carry pathogens of group A diseases shall be treated, kept in isolation or quarantine in event of the violation in Point a Clause 4 of this Article;
b) The certificate of quarantine shall be destroyed in event of the violation in Point a Clause 3 and Point b Clause 4 of this Article.
Article 13. Violations against regulations on defensive medicine
A fine of from 500,000 VND to 1,000,000 VND shall be imposed for employing sufferers to do the jobs that threaten to spread infectious diseases.
Article 14. Violations against regulations on water and air hygiene
1. A warning or a fine of 200,000 VND to 500,000 VND shall be imposed for dumping less than 1m3 of rubbish, excreta of human and animals per 24 hours to water sources used for household purposes or to public places.
2. A fine of 1,000,000 VND to 2,000,000 VND shall be imposed for dumping ≥ 1 m3 of rubbish, excreta of human and animals per 24 hours to water sources used for household purposes or to public places.
3. Any entity that provides less than 1,000 m3 of water per 24 hours serving household purposes or to public places shall get a fine of from 5,000,000 VND to 10,000,000 VND for any of the following violations:
a) Failure to adhere to eh regulations on inspecting and monitoring the water quality according to national standards of quality of water for household purposes;
b) Provision of water for household purposes that fails to meet national standards of quality of water for household purposes.
4. Any entity that provides ≥ 1,000 m3 of water per 24 hours serving household purposes or to public places shall get a fine of from 5,000,000 VND to 10,000,000 VND for committing any of the violations in Point a and Point b Clause 3 of this Article.
5. Remedial measures:
Environmental pollution must be controlled in case of the violations mentioned in Clause 1 and Clause 2 of this Article.
Article 15. Violations against regulations on burial and cremation
1. Any of the following violations shall carry a warning or fine of from 200,000 VND to 500,000 VND:
a) Failure to adhere to the hygiene regulations when handling, transporting, embalming dead bodies, except for the cases in Point a and Point b Clause 3 of this Article;
b) Failure to use personal protective equipment during the burial or cremation;
c) Failure to keep a record of the information related to the funerals at the funeral parlor or crematory.
2. Any of the following violations shall carry a fine of from 2,000,000 VND to 5,000,000 VND:
a) Failure to ensure hygiene conditions at the funeral parlor or crematory;
b) Violations against regulations on delay of reinterment.
3. Any of the following violations shall carry a fine of from 5,000,000 VND to 10,000,000 VND:
a) Failure to adhere to the hygiene regulations when handling, transporting, embalming dead bodies of sufferers of group A diseases and some of group B diseases in the list of infectious diseases that require isolation.
b) Failure to properly prepare dead bodies of the sufferers of group A diseases and some of group B diseases in the list of infectious diseases that require isolation;
c) Failure to adhere to the laws on mass burial.
4. Any of the following violations shall carry a fine of from 10,000,000 VND to 20,000,000 VND:
a) Failure to comply with regulations on preparing dead bodies, bones, and the surroundings when moving a cemetery before appropriate time for reinterment;
b) Using land that was a cemetery without environmental impact assessment and environment sanitation suitable for the level of pollution, except for the case in Point a Clause 5 of this Article.
5. Any of the following violations shall carry a fine of from 20,000,000 VND to 30,000,000 VND:
a) Using land that was a cemetery for one of the following purposes: extracting underground water serving household purposes; building public works such as resort, amusement park, kindergarten, school, sanitarium without environmental impact assessment and environment sanitation suitable for the level of pollution;
b) Using illegal cremation technologies.
6. Remedial measures:
Environmental pollution must be controlled in event of the violations mentioned in Clause 5 of this Article.
Article 16. Violations against regulations on medical setting
1. A fine of from 500,000 VND to 1,000,000 VND shall be imposed for dumping the substances and items that threaten to spread the infectious diseases and cause an epidemic to break out.
2. A fine of from 1,000,000 VND to 3,000,000 VND shall be imposed for failure to build satisfactory bathrooms at the office, medical facility, school, or other public establishments.
3. A fine of from 20,000,000 VND to 30,000,000 VND shall be imposed for building a industrial park, urban area, residential area, medical facility without assessment of impact on health.
